Commodus' death marked the end of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. War broke out in Dacia: few details are available, but it appears two future contenders for the throne, Clodius Albinus and Pescennius Niger, both distinguished themselves in the campaign. Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Wikimedia CommonsAn illustration of the murder of Commmodus. 1, eingeleitet und übersetzt von E. Hohl, bearbeitet und übersetzt von E. Merten (1976) 138. They then sent in an athlete to strangle the 31-year old emperor in his bath. 0 2. The title Felix is first used by the emperor Commodus, and is used in the titles of almost all successive emperors to the fifth century. Commodus remained with the Danube armies for only a short time before negotiating a peace treaty with the Danubian tribes. The Emperor Commodus Leaving the Arena at the Head of the Gladiators (detail) by Edwin Howland Blashfield (1848–1936), Hermitage Museum and Gardens, Norfolk, Virginia. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short lived, being the first to fall victim to the Year of the Five Emperors. He also declared himself to be an incarnation of the god Hercules and forced the senate to recognize his divinity. The Roman Emperors (1985) p. 99. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. During the preparations for the campaign against Cassius, Commodus assumed his toga virilis on the Danubian front on 7 July 175, thus formally entering adulthood. “Commodus was a greater curse to the Romans than any pestilence or any crime” and the city had descended into bankruptcy and chaos. At the outset of his reign, Commodus, aged 18, inherited many of his father's senior advisers, notably Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus (the second husband of Commodus' eldest sister Lucilla), his father-in-law Gaius Bruttius Praesens, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio, and Aufidius Victorinus, who was Prefect of the City of Rome. Had Commodus been emperor from AD 177, no-one doubted that true power remained in the hands of his father. Biography. The latter eventually would be used as a conventional title by Roman emperors, starting about a century later, but Commodus seems to have been the first to assume it.[25]. The Colosseum, Rome. Augustus (Imp. [26] As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. In the arena, Commodus' opponents always submitted to the emperor; as a result he never lost. Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. But yeah, Commodus is the turning point for the major crisis period that almost destroyed the empire. And in AD 177, after the revolt of Cassius, Marcus Aurelius made him Augustus and thereby joint emperor. The accession of the 19 year old Commodus upon the death of his father Marcus Aurelius on March 17, AD 180 is often considered a catalyst that sparked the initial decline of the Roman Empire. Commodus was a bad emperor, but the time itself was hard. Heinz, W. (1986). Moreover, as Hercules, he could claim to be the son of Jupiter, the supreme god of the Roman pantheon. C 1, 9. Commodus was born in 161, the son of the popular and highly respected emperor Marcus Aurelius and his wife Faustina the Younger. Commodus was the tenth of fourteen children born to Aurelius, and was ultimately the only surviving son. Updated October 06, 2019. The megalomania of Commodus was not limited to the Colosseum. The fall of Perennis brought a new spate of executions: Aufidius Victorinus committed suicide. The new emperor made a treaty with the German tribe of Marcomanni, his father's enemies. Commodus was the first Emperor born into the ‘purple’. The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. However, the following year, a detachment of soldiers from Britain (they had been drafted to Italy to suppress brigands) also denounced Perennis to the emperor as plotting to make his own son emperor (they had been enabled to do so by Cleander, who was seeking to dispose of his rival), and Commodus gave them permission to execute him as well as his wife and sons. In November 192, Commodus held Plebeian Games, in which he shot hundreds of animals with arrows and javelins every morning, and fought as a gladiator every afternoon, winning all the fights. Commodus indeed led the troops in the wars on the Danube together with his father from AD 178, until the death of Marcus Aurelius in AD 180. After the assassination of Roman Emperor Commodus on December 31, 192 CE, the empire ’s throne was left vacant. Tiberius (Ti. This is just a curiosity thing for me. He subsequently married Bruttia Crispina before accompanying his father to the Danubian front once more in 178. Even in his lifetime, it crippled the country. The historian Herodian, a contemporary, described Commodus as an extremely handsome man. According to Dio Cassius, Perennis, though ruthless and ambitious, was not personally corrupt and generally administered the state well.[16]. Caesar D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Augustus) 193-197: Pescennius Niger (Imp. Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. He also ruled as co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until his father's death in 180. He always won because the gladiators let him and he spared their lives. Speidel, "Commodus the God-Emperor and the Army,", This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 00:00. Reihe 4, Bd. Reign. [10] Among his teachers, Onesicrates, Antistius Capella, Titus Aius Sanctus, and Pitholaus are mentioned.[10][11]. These Articles are Written by the Publishers of The Amazing Bible Timeline with World History . Up until then he was the youngest consul in the history of Rome being around the age of 15. [citation needed] On 27 November 176, Marcus Aurelius granted Commodus the rank of Imperator and, in the middle of 177, the title Augustus, giving his son the same status as his own and formally sharing power. Commodus: The True Story Of The Mad Roman Emperor Immortalized In ‘Gladiator’, Commodus exposes Lucilla’s plot in this scene from, Commodus is confronted by Maximus in the arena in this scene from. These tendencies now increased to megalomaniacal proportions. He was supreme commander of Rome's armies and personal commander of the VI Legion. Despite his education, he did not inherit any of his father’s work. Pertinax succeeded him but only for about three months. Pompeianus retired from public life. They then returned to Rome in the autumn of 176. By 192 A.D., the Roman people had had enough. Commodus would “enter the arena in the garb of Mercury and casting aside all his other garments, would begin his exhibition wearing only a tunic and unshod.”, As disgusted as the senators were by the sight of their emperor running around half-naked in the sands of the amphitheater, they were too terrified to do anything but play along. The climax came in the year 190, which had 25 suffect consuls – a record in the 1,000-year history of the Roman consulship—all appointed by Cleander (they included the future Emperor Septimius Severus). He was left-handed and very proud of the fact. Commodus also had a passion for gladiatorial combat, which he took so far as to take to the arena himself, dressed as a secutor. In 195, the emperor Septimius Severus, trying to gain favour with the family of Marcus Aurelius, rehabilitated Commodus' memory and had the Senate deify him. But things took a wrong turn. An illustration of the murder of Commmodus. He was portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, who would later portray Arthur Fleck in Joker. Commodus was the first (and until 337, the only) emperor "born in the purple," meaning during his father's reign. Despite his education, he did not inherit any of his father’s work. Gibbon, Edward. Unlike the other senators who were more than happy to see one of themselves on the throne, the Praetorian Guards were not that thrilled. Among those conspiring against him: his older sister Lucilla. Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus’ wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brother’s mental instability. Lucilla was over ten years his senior and held the rank of Augusta as the widow of her first husband, Lucius Verus. Commodus' first bad move took place immediately following his father's death. His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father's policies, his father's advisers, and especially his father's austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. His body was buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. Rome is Burning 45m. The assassination attempt marked a turning point in Commodus’ reign, for “once [he had] tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse.” He began executing people without regard for rank, wealth, or sex. The following year, Commodus became Aurelius’ co-Emperor, and they reigned together from then until Aurelius’ death in 180. Information about the Roman emperor Commodus. [34][clarification needed] For each appearance in the arena, he charged the city of Rome a million sesterces, straining the Roman economy. He reduced the weight of the denarius from 96 per Roman pound to 105 per Roman pound (3.85 grams to 3.35 grams). At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. Commodus was the son of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius.He was the brother of Princess Lucilla, and uncle of Lucius.He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. Er hieß nun Imperator Caesar Mar… The son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Commodus wants to be seen as the most powerful Roman emperor of all time so he would be worshiped as a god. In fact, the rule of Commodus might have gone down as quite unremarkable in the history of Rome were it not for one unfortunate incident. [38] On another occasion, Commodus killed three elephants on the floor of the arena by himself. The Emperor and his son then traveled to Athens, where they were initiated into the Eleusinian mysteries. From then on Commodus gradually lost favor in the eyes of his subjects. However, his reign was short-lived because of the resentment he created through his reforms. 8 years ago. Commodus had an elder twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus, who died in 165. He took the throne as regent, but was killed by Maximus in the Colosseum. Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]—died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). He also had the head of the Colossus of Nero adjacent to the Colosseum replaced with his own portrait, gave it a club, and placed a bronze lion at its feet to make it look like Hercules Romanus, and added an inscription boasting of being "the only left-handed fighter to conquer twelve times one thousand men".[18]. His reign was nothing like his predecessors in bloodletting, at least in Rome. His accession as emperor was the first time a son had succeeded his father since Titus succeeded Vespasian in 79. Despite his notoriety, and considering the importance of his reign, Commodus' years in power are not well chronicled. Gibbon claimed that the period of their rule was the happiest period in human existence.The Roman Empire was largely peaceful and well-governed. He accompanied his father to Germania a year later, where Aurelius died in 180, leaving Commodus as sole and undisputed emperor of Rome. 5. Having been accepted as Emperor by Syria, Judea and Egypt, Cassius carried on his rebellion even after it had become obvious that Marcus was still alive. In 172 AD, during the Marcomannic War, Commodus was given the victory title Germanicus. He wasn’t the first person to do this (Nero had started it), but Commodus devalued Roman coins by more than any emperor since then. He ruled as junior co-e… Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and “drank it at one gulp.” In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, “At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, ‘Long life to you!'”. As the son of emperor Marcus Aurelius, Commodus was the first Roman emperor to have been "born in the purple," and thus dynastically selected to be his successor. Now at the zenith of his power, Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business. He was badly deluded and narcissistic, a result of bei… From what I've read, Commodus wasn't a great emperor, but he certainly wasn't as awful as he's depicted in films like "Fall of the Roman Empire" or "Gladiator." c. bribing the army to support him. The emperor eventually decided to abandon “the reins of the empire” and chose to give “himself up to chariot-racing and licentiousness and performed scarcely any of the duties pertaining to his office.” He appointed a series of his favorites to manage the administration of his empire, each of whom seemed crueler and more incompetent than the last. Pertinax ( / ˈpɜːrtɪnæks /; Publius Helvius Pertinax; 1 August 126 – 28 March 193) was a Roman soldier and politician who ruled as Roman emperor for the first three months of 193. The Senate announced Commodus a ‘public enemy’ and righted the names the conceited emperor had altered after himself. Commodus' reign was filled with bad decisions, causing the people of Rome to suffer. Lv 7. Papirius Dionysius was executed, too. Updated October 06, 2019 Commodus (August 31, 161–December 31, 192 CE) was the emperor of Rome between 180–192 CE. Essentially you became emperor in that era through being able to … Methuen, 1898. “So superlatively mad had the abandoned wretch become” that he renamed Rome Colonia Commodiana (the Colony of Commodus) and changed the names of the months to each reflect one of the many epithets he had bestowed upon himself. Herodian's Roman History F.L. The latter died in 169 having failed to recover fr… But the city's inhabitants may have found themselves in a potentially dangerous predicament when Emperor Commodus was assassinated in A.D. 192. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[20]. Cassius, however, was killed by one of his centurions before the campaign against him could begin. [19], Cassius Dio, a first-hand witness, describes him as "not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. One Roman who lived through Commodus’s reign complained that he had brought Rome “from a … However, when they were presented with the promise of 12,000 sesterces per soldier, they got on board. Foreign invaders rarely breached the frontiers of t… [30] Popular rumors spread alleging he was actually the son, not of Marcus Aurelius, but of a gladiator whom his mother Faustina had taken as a lover at the coastal resort of Caieta.[31]. [17], Thus, he presented himself as the fountainhead of the Empire, Roman life, and religion. Other victims at this time were the praetorian prefect Julius Julianus, Commodus' cousin Annia Fundania Faustina, and his brother-in-law Mamertinus. [27] Cassius Dio and the writers of the Augustan History say that Commodus was a skilled archer, who could shoot the heads off ostriches in full gallop, and kill a panther as it attacked a victim in the arena. Commodus became co-ruler with his … Harvard University Press, 1961, 73.10.3, Dio Cassius 73.20.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Gibbon p.. 106 "disgorged at once a hundred lions; a hundred darts". Marcus Aurelius did not try to oust his son as emperor. [16], Priscus refused to accept their acclamations, and Perennis had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered. The emperor Titus Flavian completed the Colosseum and endeared himself to the public with his generosity only to have his good works undone by his brother Domitian, who was assassinated by his own court. He also had four surviving sisters, all of them with husbands who were potential rivals. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image. It worked and the Nerva-Antonine dynasty which had ruled Rome for nearly a century had come to an end and the city soon descended into civil war. Perhaps seeing this as an opportunity, early in 192 Commodus, declaring himself the new Romulus, ritually re-founded Rome, renaming the city Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana. Petrinax was acclaimed Emperor but he was later deposed, and this led to a series of civil wars that only ended with the rise of Septimius Severus. Cleander was in fact the person who had murdered Saoterus. Commodus' death marked the end of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. As an emperor, Commodus soon became a disappointment to Marcus Aurelius. Aurelius constantly gives his son lectures on duty and morality, he was as stern and powerful as Zeus. Fight for Glory He executed the two would-be assassins along with a group of prominent senators who were also allegedly involved while Lucilla was exiled to Capri before also being killed on her brother’s orders a year later. His tale wasn't believed and he was immediately put to death. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. Whatever its roots, the conspiracy failed and the incident aroused an insane paranoia in Commodus, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere. It was presumably there that, on 15 October 172, he was given the victory title Germanicus, in the presence of the army. Commodus (Imp. Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163. d. giving land to poor people. English translation) UCLA Press, Berkeley CA (1961), 1.15.1-9, Dio (Cassius. [35] Later, he decapitated a running ostrich with a specially designed dart[36] and afterwards carried his sword and the bleeding head of the dead bird over to the Senators' seating area and motioned as though they were next. Caesar Augustus) AD 14-37. After the death of Commodus, Pertinax became emperor. The prince of Rome, Commodus is the son of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. As Edward Gibbon noted in his famous Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in the intervening years between the death of Domitian and the reign of Commodus, “the vast extent of the Roman empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom.” The “Five Good Emperors,” ruled efficiently and under them the Roman people enjoyed “a rational freedom.” However, just when the days of the mad emperors seemed long gone, Commodus brought the madness roaring back. The first, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, Commodus put to death after becoming convinced he was conspiring against him. His twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four. Usapyon (Japanese: USA (うさ)ピョン, USApyon) is a Rank B, Ice-attribute 'Merican Yo-kai of the Shady tribe and the Uwanosora tribe starting in Yo-kai Watch 4. [32] Citizens of Rome missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. One of the ways he paid for his donatives (imperial handouts) and mass entertainments was to tax the senatorial order, and on many inscriptions, the traditional order of the two nominal powers of the state, the Senate and People (Senatus Populusque Romanus) is provocatively reversed (Populus Senatusque...). In 187, one of the leaders of the deserters, Maternus, came from Gaul intending to assassinate Commodus at the Festival of the Great Goddess in March, but he was betrayed and executed. Commodus was born on 31 August 161, the son of Marcus Aurelius.He was a member of the pagan Roman House of Aurelius.Commodus was ambitious, brave (although not on the battlefield), and loyal … Commodus was appointed as a co-ruler, at the age of 16, after fighting alongside his father and emperor, Marcus Aurelius, during the ‘Marcomannic Wars.’ At some pont before the events of Ryse, he was appointed by his father as governor of Britannia. 5. Commodus was one of a set of twins that Faustina gave birth to, being the one to survive. In 182 A.D., Commodus’ sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her brother’s life. As an emperor, Commodus soon became a disappointment to Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius was the first emperor since Vespasian to have a legitimate biological son and, though he himself was the fifth in the line of the so-called Five Good Emperors, each of whom had adopted his successor, it seems to have been his firm intention that Commodus should be his heir. He would be the first emperor born while his father was the emperor and the last to inherit the throne as the previous five emperors (including Marcus) had obtained the throne through adoption. Commodus vollständiger Name wechselte mehrmals; geboren wurde er als Lucius Aurelius Commodus, seit der Erhebung zum Mitkaiser 177 hieß er Imperator Caesar Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus Augustus, bei der Übernahme der Alleinherrschaft im März 180 nahm er den Namen Antoninus und im Oktober desselben Jahres auch das Pränomen seines verstorbenen Vaters Mark Aurel an. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. The economy was generally buoyant, and long-distance trade flourished. Cleander fled to Commodus, who was at Laurentum in the house of the Quinctilii, for protection, but the mob followed him calling for his head. On 15 October 184 at the Capitoline Games, a Cynic philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before Commodus. On 1 January 177, Commodus became consul for the first time, which made him, aged 15, the youngest consul in Roman history up to that time. Like emperors after him, one way Commodus kept power was by a. lowering taxes on wealthy people. Usapyon is the third mascot for the Yo-kai Watch franchise as well as the mascot for Yo-kai Watch Blasters: Moon Rabbit Crew. The Emperor Commodus (reigned 180-192) liked fighting in the arena like a gladiator. Marcus Aurelius was a student of Stoic philosophy. "Exsuperatorius" (the supreme) was a title given to Jupiter, and "Amazonius" identified him again with Hercules. [39] Finally, Commodus killed a giraffe, which was considered to be a strange and helpless beast.[40]. 100 lions in a potentially dangerous predicament when emperor Commodus was made caesar together with who was emperor after commodus father he lost! 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