It is slightly soluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, ether, and acetone. Manufactured styrene may contain aldehydes, which give it a sharp, unpleasant odor. It is a member of a class of compounds known as hydrocarbons. Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less Benzene is a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon that is a component of gasoline and is used in many manufacturing processes. Styrene is a colorless, flammable liquid, which has a sweet odor and is highly volatile. Styrene MK OEL MV 20 ppm, 86 mg/m3 BAT, Y, BAT Biological limit value - the biological limit value is set, which means a warning level of dangerous chemical substance and its metabolites in the cell tissues, body liquids or expired air, not depending on the route of entering the body, inhalation, oral or Polypropylene is a synthetic fabric that is derived from hydrocarbon fuels that have the potential to negatively impact the environment. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. Higher concentrations (800 ppm in one study) have produced signs and symptoms of pronounced CNS depression (Carpenter et al., 1944). How does styrene gas affect the body? Workers exposed to solvents are at risk to develop a chronic toxic encephalopathy, although effects (promoting or etiological) on other cen- symptoms of eye and nose irritation, a feeling of drunkenness, dyspnea, nausea, headache, ataxia, in the worst cases pheric styrene concentration of 155 mg/m3during lamination tasks, corres- Styrene, which leaked from the plant, reacted with oxygen in the air to form higly toxic styrene dioxide. Symptoms of vestibular toxicity. It has been reported that 60-70% of the inhaled gas is rapidly absorbed by the liver and lung tissues. According to the Standard European Behaviour Classie-cation (Bonn Agreement), styrene is classieed as a foater evaporator. Acute Effects [2] Severity of symptoms depend on the level and type of exposure. Also, the agency described styrene to be a suspected toxin to the gastrointestinal tract, Styrene can also irritate your eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and skin. Styrene has been linked to an increased risk of cancer, liver and kidney damage, as well as brain and nervous system issues. Polymerizes exothermally and reacts vigorously with compounds possessing a labile hydrogen (e.g. Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate) opacifying agent and opacifying. Your body breaks down styrene pretty fast and it comes out in urine within a day. Styrene is a demonstrated ototoxicant as evidenced by animal and human studies. Exposure to styrene in air can also irritate the eyes, nose and throat. It is possible that there is no contamination of styrene but personally I would stay away from this ingredient just to be safe. 1981) and animals (Chakrabarti 2000) exposed to high levels of styrene present with various neurological symptoms, including parkinsonism-like manifestations and progressive worsening of motor function. 7. It is also used as a flavoring agent for ice cream and candy. It is toxic to the brain and lungs. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 24(10):295-296. Prolonged exposures at lower concentrations with total higher cumulative styrene exposures do not appear to lead to hearing loss. STYRENE OXIDE is incompatible with oxidizing agents. health symptoms. That benzene is then converted into styrene, which in its pure form is a clear, flammable, sweet smelling liquid. Styrene can enter the environment after being released by the manufacturer in the form of a gas or liquid. Styrene (CHCH=CH) is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily and has a sweet smell. Stage two patients can linger in this area for years and never know they're suffering from this because of the doctors treating the ailments, not the cause. Styrene is an irritant and contact with the skin can cause mild irritation, itching and dermatitis. EPA studies of human fat biopsies found styrene residue in 100% of people. It has been recognized since the 19th century. Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences. Thus, it is present in the general environment, but usually at low levels. Styrene primarily exhibits its toxicity to humans as a neurotoxin by attacking the central and peripheral nervous systems. Styrene 100-42-5 1,000 lbs. Decomposition products (amethyl-styrene) irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Butadiene 1,3 is carcinogenic (Group 2A). The EPA regards styrene as a hazardous chemical, especially in the case of eye contact, but also in the case of skin contact, of ingestion and of inhalation. Styrene undergoes spontaneous polymerization. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact), exposure to this sweet-smelling, colorless liquid may occur from its use in the manufacture of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins, adhesives, waxes, and polyester resins. STYRENE OXIDE is incompatible with oxidizing agents. We use accurate and concise laboratory analyses and diagnostic procedures to determine the effect of mold and mycotoxins on all parameters of the patients health. Columbia University School of Public Health reports that 95% of cancer is caused by diet and environmental toxicity. Styrene is extensively used in the manufacture of various polymers and co-polymers. In rats and guinea pigs styrene is of moderate-low acute toxicity via the inhalation and oral routes (Spencer et al., 1942; Fechter et al., 1993). After the exposure, the urines were collected for 24h and the animals were then sacrificed. Among the various chemicals the patient was exposed to, the most likely causative agents for her symptoms were dimethyl phthalate and styrene. About the Chemical. Acute Health Effects. Symptoms are not expected at air concentrations below the recommended exposure limits, if applicable. Styrene 1000 SARA Title III: Section 302- Extremely Hazardous Substances None SARA Title III: Section 313- Toxic Chemical List Component CAS Number Percentage Styrene 100-42-5 15.3 % EPA Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS) 40 CFR 63 Component CAS Number Percentage Styrene 100-42-5 15.3 % International Regulations The inhalation affects the respiratory system in a matter of minutes and can cause vomiting, burning sensation and rashes on skin, unconsciousness and can even result in death in a Symptoms of styrene poisoning? Reacts with 4- (4'-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. 1981) and animals (Chakrabarti 2000) exposed to high levels of styrene present with various neurological symptoms, including parkinsonism-like manifestations and progressive worsening of motor function. Toxicity Balance problems, drowsiness, slowed reaction time, lack of focus and headaches are all common symptoms of overexposure. Spencer HC, Irish DD, Adams EM, Rowe VK [1942]. Well get into other, less obvious side (but super serious) side effects in a bit. The toxicity of styrene on the peripheral nervous system is still debated. Styrene gas is highly toxic and is regarded as a "known carcinogen". (NTP, 1992) Reactivity Profile. It is also known as vinylbenzene, ethenylbenzene, cinnamene, or phenylethylene. Inhalation toxicity studies were conducted to evaluate mouse strain differences in the susceptibility to styrene vapors. Reproductive toxicity. It is an irritant and, when heated to decomposition, it emits acrid fumes and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Skin Contact Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Mattresses are known to release minute amounts of gaseous chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOCs). General gastrointestinal symptoms were observed with 11% reporting abdominal pain and 7% Acute exposure to the liquid can cause eye, skin and upper respiratory tract irritation. It is known, however, that humans (Cherry et al. Styrene poisoning affects a range of systems including the integumentary and respiratory systems. includes flu like symptoms, coughing, hearing issues, sight issues, headaches, fevers, balance, painful red rashes, open sores and possibly even seizures. It can affect a multitude of systems in the human body. which contains information on inhalation and oral chronic toxicity of ethylbenzene and the RfC, and oral chronic toxicity and the RfD, and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) Toxicological Profile for Ethylbenzene. It is a vinylarene, an acyclic olefin, a volatile organic compound and a member of styrenes. Styrene was measured for up to three months following the IPP installation. Eye Contact Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. This The exposure to styrene may be detected by determining the urinary styrene etabolites. Styrene is used in manufacturing of rubber, latex and plastic products, its found in carpet backing, packaging materials and foam cups etc Styrene is a central nervous system depressant & a genotoxin (a toxic substance that can cause mutations that can lead to cancer). ; DESCRIPTION: Methanol is a toxic alcohol that is used industrially as a solvent, pesticide, and alternative fuel source.It also occurs naturally in humans, animals, and plants. 2.4 First-aid measures and management principles Remove the victim from the area of exposure. Cadmium poisoning has a vast variety of symptoms. The 2nd Stage: can include all the symptoms below later on this page. Hazard Recognition. Toxicity Summary. Toxicity of sulfothreenaphtilenfurane. It is known, however, that humans (Cherry et al. Human exposure to hydrocarbons is a common problem. Agent-specific identification, medical symptoms, prevention & personal protective equipment, fire fighting, sampling & analytical methods, decontamination, spillage disposal, packaging & labeling information. ), and it moderates irritation to eyes and skin. Signs of damage to the balance structures in the inner ear may include: At exposures in excess of 50 ppm (8-hour time-weighted average), styrene may cause temporary nervous system effects such as It can also be made in a laboratory. spilled styrene will be limited for most aquatic species. SARA Title III, Section 302: Extremely Hazardous Substances None SARA Title III, Section 313: Toxic Chemical List Styrene 100-42-5 30-34% State and Local Regulations Prop65 WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including styrene which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. According to the EPA, our bodies accumulate 210mcg of just plasticizers (phthalates) everyday. Regarding the long-term toxicity styrene has to be classified as aquatic chronic 3 which is triggered by the EC10 = 0.28 mg/L for algae. The urinary metabolites of styrene all have a lower order of toxicity than does styrene itself, and therefore do not contribute to its acute toxicity. Acute exposure may also result in gastrointestinal effects. A small droplet on the skin, for example, may cause local sweating and muscle twitching, followed by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and generalized weakness. H334 - May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction Precautionary Statements - General: P101 - If medical advice is needed, have product container or label at hand. Styrene is not the only chemical emitted, but it may serve as a surrogate for identifying vapor intrusion impacts. Styrene Revision Date 17-Jan-2018 Component CAS-No Weight % Styrene 100-42-5 >95 4. Styrene is a chemical compound used to manufacture plastic and rubber. Carbon monoxide may be released in a styrene fire. Benzene poisoning. Its minimal risk level an estimate of daily human exposure that is likely without appreciable noncancerous health effects is 5 ppm 1 . We report two cases in which the same tasks performed in a single workplace resulted in exposure to styrene vapor with subsequent development of acute respiratory symptoms associated with impaired gas exchange and imaging and histopathologic findings consistent Short term exposure to lesser concentration than 600 700PPM is not fatal for humans; however, symptoms such as headache, excessive weakness, fatigue, irritation in eyes, and gastrointestinal effects may appear. Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO 888-232-6348 (TTY) Email: Contact CDC-INFO. 25-50 100-42-5 202-851-5 - Styrene Flammable Liquids Category 3 Acute (Inhalation) Toxicity Category 4 Skin Irritation Category 2 Eye Irritation Category 2 Reproductive Toxicity Category 2 Specific Target Organ Toxicity Repeated Exposure Category 1 Aspiration Hazard Category 1 Aquatic Chronic Toxicity Category 3 Functions. A letter signed by a specialist doctor at Derriford Hospital says Mr Ogilvie presented with symptoms of styrene poisoning and was advised not to enter the Health effects of styrene include irritation of the skin, eyes, and the upper respiratory tract. people experiencing symptoms should immediately reach out Acute: Mucus membrane irritation; Eye irritation; Gastrointestinal effects; Metallic taste; Drowsiness; Vertigo; Slight muscular weakness; Chronic: Central nervous system effects changes in color vision; feeling drunk Headache, fatigue, weakness, depression, feeling of drunkeness. Acute toxicity or sudden rise in levels of styrene causes damage to the lungs and creates an inability for the lungs to gain oxygen. By expressing the cumulative exposure index (CEI) of styrene as a multiple of years exposed to 20 ppm is assuming that the potential toxicity of four years at 20 ppm, for example, equals that of one year at 80 Styrene health effects entral nervous system depressant. Styrene oxide Carc Cat. Health Hazard Summary: Styrene most commonly affects the nervous system, causing symptoms similar to drunkenness, such as headaches, nausea, dizziness, clumsiness, and drowsiness. Please visit topics related to environmental health, safety, and toxicology on MedlinePlus, the NLM's flagship website for health information for patients, families, and the general public. Drowsiness, nausea, headache, fatigue, and dizziness have been reported in workers exposed to 200 to 700 ppm [AIHA 1959]. Reported symptoms from elevated exposure include depression, weakness, fatigue, and nausea. The most frequent symptoms were irritation of the throat (26%), nose (19%), eyes (18%) and the skin (14%). Toxicity 90 Mutagenicity 96 Reproductive Effects 101 Carcinogenicity 106 Uptake, Metabolism, and Elimination 110 about 100 ppm are subjective symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, headache, nausea, poor memory, and drowsiness. Reacts with 4- (4'-nitrobenzyl)pyridine. Styrene is highly flammable with a flash point of 88F and gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases). Hepatotoxicity due to styrene was not further increased at any exposure level due to 1. Consult a physician if symptoms develop or persist. Hey dude, keep patience the 2k20 is going to be tough enough. Foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, fruit juices, fermented beverages, and diet soft drinks containing aspartame are the primary sources of methanol in the human body. Styrene primarily exhibits its toxicity to humans as a neurotoxin by attacking the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has a role as a mutagen, a plant metabolite and a mouse metabolite. P102 - Keep out of reach of children. RESULTS: Styrene in water reached concentrations up to 900 microg/L. Although the specific chemical or antigen could not be determined, the history and objective findings are consistent with Reason for classification : Expert judgment SECTION 12: Ecological information 12.1. Styrene is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily.In its pure form, styrene has a sweet smell. This is based on the brains ability to adapt and operate with infor-mation only available from one functioning vestibular mechanism. P102 - Keep out of reach of children. A central nervous system depressant. Symptoms vary from person to person, the nature of the exposure, whether one or both sides are affected, and whether the injury is mild or severe. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been (Styrene) Reproductive toxicity no data available Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Inhalation - May cause respiratory irritation. Tiunov LA, Zhuvov VG, et al. Bad news are coming one after another but still we have to be optimistic. Symptoms/effects after eye contact : Causes serious eye irritation. If you would like more information about environmental toxicity and health effects obtain a copy of Tired or Toxic by Sherry Rogers, M.D. Abstract. environmental health concerns and toxic chemicals where you live, work, and play The Tox Town website was discontinued as of October 1, 2020. Styrene Monomer has high acute toxicity to aquatic life. Intolerance to noises and notable hearing loss can also occur. Serious eye damage/eye irritation No data available Respiratory or skin sensitization Symptoms of Cadmium Toxicity. Toxicity No additional information available 12.2. Contact dermatitis is possible whenever your skin comes in contact with an ingredient (synthetic or natural) that irritates you. Styrene exposure can also cause headaches, dizziness and nausea. Being rather volatile and having a fash point of 31oC, styrene is classieed as Trade Name: WAX IN STYRENE (Wax 135 Solution) Revision Date: 2019-07-16 Compilation Date: October, 2013 Page 4 of 8 Inhalation: If symptoms of poisoning become evident, contact a Poisons Information Centre, or call a doctor at once. Styrene When inhaled, this chemical is toxic to the central nervous system, the red blood cells and the liver. Mucous membrane irritant (upper respiratory tract, eyes, nose and throat). However, the adverse health effects of styrene Acute oral toxicity STYRENE LD 50 Rat: 2,650 mg/kg Acute inhalation toxicity STYRENE LC 50 Rat: 2800 ppm, 4 h 12. The significance of these animal findings for human risk assessment is unclear since Odkvist et al. P103 - Read label before use. What is styrene used for? Ginkgo Biloba: Risks and Benefits Ginkgo biloba is used by many people in an effort to improve memory and slow age-related intellectual decline, but solid evidence to support these benefits is limited. According to scientists, inhalation of styrene gas is the major route of exposure in humans. They can include one-sided or two-sided hearing loss and constant or fluctuating tinnitus. The LDo5 of styrene in rats is about 2.5 g/kg after intraperitoneal injection (5) and about 5 g/kg after oral administration (20). Polymerization becomes self-sustaining above 95C [MCA SD-37, 1971]. Benzene poisoning occurs when someone swallows, breathes in, or touches benzene. Short-term symptoms of excessive exposure to styrene can include irritation of the skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract as well as gastrointestinal distress. Immediate effects of inhalation of styrene gas can cause breathing difficulties, nausea and sore eyes. Styrene in water reached concentrations up to 900 g/L. Bull., 1985, (065), p. 25]. Male and female B6C3F1, C57BL/6, Swiss, and DBA/2 mice (8 weeks old) were exposed to 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm styrene 6 hr/day, for 4 days (20/sex/dose). This can cause pain, discomfort, and mobility difficulties. Symptoms may begin anywhere from 30 minutes to 18 hours after skin exposure. Styrene gas when inhaled can cause several symptoms such as nausea headache weakness etc. [1982]. Mercury NIOSH Resources. Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less Signs of damage to the balance structures in the inner ear may include: Even with decontamination, signs and symptoms Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug.The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. Styrene is primarily a synthetic chemical that is used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, and resins. of ignitability, corrosivity or reactivity and is not formulated with contaminants as determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Insufficient data are available to evaluate or predict the short- term effects of styrene to plants, birds, or land animals. These alcohols are toxic, and may cause symptoms if swallowed in amounts greater than 30 milliliters. APPEARANCE: Colorless watery liquid. P103 - Read label before use. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared polystyrene food packaging as safe. Styrene is Safe. Whether naturally occurring in foods and beverages such as strawberries, coffee beans or cinnamon, or produced synthetically, most people encounter styrene as a part of their daily lives, though in small amounts. 23 Little information is available on the toxicity of styrene following ingestion by humans. The Environmental Health Center-Dallas is a leader in the field for recognizing, diagnosing, and treating exposure to mold and its mycotoxins. alcohols and amines) in the presence of catalysts such as acids, bases and certain salts (NTP, 1992). Synonyms. Maternal toxicity and increased fetal mortality have been observed in rats and rabbits exposed to styrene oxide by inhalation. (Prestige Publishing, Syracuse, New York, 1990). Polyneuropathy is damage to multiple nerves outside of the brain and central nervous system. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Symptoms/effects: See section 11 for more detailed information on health effects and symptoms. Styrene has been shown to induce neurotoxicity among workers from the reinforced plastics industry, primarily affecting the CNS with toxic symptoms such as decreased color discrimination, vestibular effects, hearing impairment, delays in reaction time, impaired performance on tests measuring attention and memory, and symptoms of neurotoxicity similar to drunkenness (ATSDR, 2007b). Symptoms were reported by 46 persons (attack rate 55 %). Chronic exposure to styrene in humans results in effects on the CNS, with symptoms such as headache, fatigue, weakness, depression, CNS dysfunction (reaction time, Also incompatible with acids and bases. Symptoms resulting from inhalation of styrene include tiredness, slowed reaction time and problems with balance (Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry, 2012). Acute toxicity Inhalation: No data available Dermal: no data available Skin corrosion/irritation The rubber is not irritant or toxic. Toxicological Profiles (Tox Profiles) are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of styrene oxide in humans. Styrene is a monocyclic alkenyl aromatic compound with a molecular weight of 104. Revised IDLH: 700 ppm. Overall evaluation: Styrene-7,8-oxide is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). Top of Page. RESULTS: Styrene in water reached concentrations up to 900 microg/L. NTP Report on Carcinogens Styrene (CAS 100-42-5) Reasonably Anticipated to be a Human Carcinogen. Ecological Information Aquatic toxicity
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