These individual accounts are not scientific data, but rather serve as a vital source of insights into the “lived experiences” of cross cultural adaptation (Kim, 2005). Young Yun Kim is a professor at the University of Oklahoma, Norman. Assimilation can be defined as the process by which a person takes material into their mind from the environment, which may mean changing the evidence of their senses to make it fit, whereas accommodation is the difference made to one's mind or concepts by the process of assimilation (Atherton 1969). Communication is a prerequisite for successful adaptation of individuals into a new environment. The stress adaptation growth dynamic, therefore, is not a linear process but a back and forth endeavor that will entail periods of regression and subsequent progression. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Integrative learning — is a learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make connections across curricula. Integrative communication theory suggests that these varying levels of integration within a culture directly impact the individual's experience in the new culture, which other research suggests. Kim's theory argues that out of this transformation emerges an ‘‘intercultural identity,’’ that is less rigidly bound by group identities. This work is created by James Grier Miller, which was intended to formalize the concept of life . Out of this dynamic interface arise the fluctuating experiences of stress, adaptation, and growth that, over time, bring about the intercultural evolution of the individual. This leaves the… … Wikipedia, We are using cookies for the best presentation of our site. It subsequently expanded to study other immigrant and refugee groups in the United States to include American Indians, Japanese and Mexican Americans, and Southeast Asian refugees. Follow us on TwitterLike us on FacebookConnect with us on LinkedIn, NAFSA: Association of International Educators, Copyright 1998-2020. Traditional individuals hold on to a majority of cultural traits from the culture of origin and reject many traits of the dominant culture. Theory Information: Description: Young Yun Kim's cross-cultural adaptation theory is underpinned by two central questions: (1) How does the cross-cultural adaptation process unfold over time? Having an open mind helps to alleviate some of the culture shock that is associated with assimilation into the new environment. We have a chapter by her in the Martin, Nakayama, & Flores reader, as well as a reading on … As the individual acquires some of the characteristics of the host culture, he or she may lose some of the characteristics of their original culture, such as language, customs, and rigid original cultural identity (www.wikipedia.org/cultural_assimilation). 3, November 2007, pp. It is one of the most… … Wikipedia, Problematic integration theory — Introduction = The theory of Problematic Integration is situated at the intersection of communication and one’s environment. Kim states that the ultimate theoretical directionality of adaptive change is toward assimilation, a state of the maximum possible convergence of strangers' internal and external conditions to those of the natives. Together, these dimensions of factors account for the fact that every incidence of cross-cultural adaptation takes place at its own pace. Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation. an analytical challenge in testing Kim ’ s model of cross-cultural adaptation when collecting. (2005) Learning and Teaching: Piaget's developmental theory. The transition into a new culture can be shocking, and internal conflicts often arise. *Theory as a System of Description and Explanation**The present theory is designed to identify the patterns that are commonly present within a clearly defined set of individual cases and to translate these patterns into a set of generalized and interrelated statements. After the initial phase, ethnic social communication allows individuals to maintain connectedness to their original culture. Some societies display more openness and warmth to outsiders than others. 36, No. OK, Charlotte and Walter Kohler Charitable Trust. She was born and raised in Seoul, Korea, and received her B.A. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Communication and cross-cultural adaptation: An integrative theory: Young Yun Kim Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters, 1988, 232 pp., $49.00 (cloth), $18.00 (paper)" by William B. Gudykunst et al. The theory highlights the centrality of an individual's communication activities in the process of becoming more functionally fit in a new cultural environment. NAFSA. Kim, Y. Y. relevant data at an individual-level, and proposes a new bridging construct in the following. Integration relies on that interaction with the host society and the degree to which an individual adapts depends on the amount and nature of communication with members of the host society. (2001) Becoming Intercultural. Journal of Communication, Vol. It tested the Young Yun Kim’s structure model, which contains six dimensions of determining aspects on international students’ cross-cultural adaptation process. (2009). has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Insights into New Media Use by International Students: Implications for Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory. *Focal Concepts and Boundary Conditions**Kim employs two central terms in Integrative Communication Theory, adaptation and stranger in order to help define the theory (Kim, 2005). 25. Kim, Young Yun. London: Sage. The second question regarding differing adaptation rates or speeds is answered in a structural model, in which key factors of an individual's background (ethnicity, personality, and preparedness for change) and of the host environment (host receptivity, host conformity pressure, and ethnic group strength) influence, and are influenced by, the individual's communication activities (host communication competence, host interpersonal communication, and host mass communication). Once this occurs, a period of growth often accompanies. Adaptation can be also seen as an ongoing process, where a migrant gradually adapts to the new environment. Kim, Y. Kim's research into cross-cultural adaptation began in the 1970s through a survey of Korean immigrants in the Chicago area. Google Scholar In her research, Kim introduced anecdotal stories and testimonials of immigrants and sojourners available in non-technical sources such as reports, biographies, letters, diaries, dialogues, commentaries, and other materials in magazines, newspapers, fiction and nonfiction books, radio programs, and televisions programs. (2008). The concept, cross-cultural adaptation, refers to a process in and through which an individual achieves an increasing level of psychological and functional fitness with respect to the receiving environment. 244-247). and Guillemin et al. According to Kim, as new learning occurs, deculturation or unlearning of some of the old cultural elements has to occur, at least in the sense that new responses are adopted in situations that previously would have evoked old ones. (2007). The degree to which a given host environment exerts receptivity and conformity pressure on a stranger is closely influenced by the overall ethnic group strength, which is a measure of a given stranger's ethnic group's capacity to influence the surrounding host environment at large (Kim, 2005). Kim, Young Yun (2005). It is in line with philosophical pragmatism and with other schools such as "contextualism", "Ecological psychology" and "evolutionary psychology" reflected in the works of Bateson, Ruesch and Bateson, Watzlawick Beavin, and Jackson, and Buss and Kenrick (Kim, 2005). The concept, cross-cultural adaptation, refers to a process in and through which an individual achieves an increasing level of psychological and functional fitness with respect to the receiving environment. Increasing Multicultural Understanding. INTRODUCTION OF THEORY• DESCRIBES THE PROCESS OF CROSS- CULTURAL ADAPTATION AS IT UNFOLDS OVER TIME • EXPLAINS THE STRUCTURE OF THIS PROCESS • IT IS BASED ON THREE ASSUMPTIONS (“OPEN-SYSTEMS”) 1. "Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory." The model further identifies a subtle, gradual, and largely unconscious change in one's identity from a monocultural to an increasingly intercultural identity, an evolution of self-other orientation beyond conventional categories toward a more individuated and universalized one. Kim has developed an integrative communication theory of cross-cultural adaptation which conceives adaptation as a dialectic process of the “stress-adaptation-growth” dynamic that gradually leads to greater functional fitness and psychological health with regards to the host environment (Kim 2005). It was proposed by Icek Ajzen (last name sometimes spelled Aizen ) as an extension of the theory of reasoned action. Underpinning the cross-cultural adaptation process are the two interrelated experiences of deculturation of some of the original cultural habits, on the one hand, and acculturation of new ones, on the other. • Learn about culture shock. Bicultural individuals are able to function as competently in the dominant culture as their own while holding on to manifestations of their own culture. The fact that humans will adapt in a new environment was not questioned, but rather how and why individuals adapt. More specificially, it is a framework by which one can analyze and/or describe any group of objects that work in concert to… … Wikipedia, Living systems theory — is a general theory about the existence of all living systems, their structure, interaction, behavior and development. Finally, a marginal individual does not fit into the culture of origin nor into the dominant culture (Locke, 1998). Abstract. Retrieved April 29, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_assimilation. A summary of the theory is available. Host interpersonal communication helps strangers to secrure vital information and insight into the mind-sets and behaviors of the local people, thereby providing strangers a reference point for their own behaviors (Gudykunst 2005), while host mass communication relies on integrating the individual into the host society via media, radio, television, etc...and serves as an important source of cultural and language learning without relying heavily on individual participation and exposure (Kim, 2005). 237–253. Make new friends by inviting people out. The individual must learn to adapt and grow into the new environment, as they are often faced with situations that challenge their cultural norms and worldview. Kim, Young Yun (2005). 1, pp. Kim, Young Yun (1979). Inquiry in Intercultural and Development Communication. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on Sunday, December 20, 2015 Becoming Intercultural: An Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation. Cultural Assimilation. With respect to the first question, the theory offers a three-pronged process model, the stress-adaptation-growth dynamic. Young Yun Kim's Integrative Theory of Cross-Cultural Adaptation explains the transformation process that all human beings experience as they move into a new and culturally unfamiliar environment. According to Miller s… … Wikipedia, List of types of systems theory — This list of types of systems theory gives an overview of different types of systems theory, which are mentioned in scientific book titles or articles. In addition to studying groups of immigrants, Young Yun Kim researched groups of students studying abroad in the United States, as well as international students in Japan, Korean expatriates in the United States and American expatriates in South Korea. This is called a Stress-Adaptation-Growth model (Kim, 2001). She completed her M.A. Communication and Cross-cultural Adaptation: An Integrative Theory.. In the initial phase of integration, ethnic communities serve to allow strangers to receive some of the comforts of their previous culture, and serve to facilitate adaptation. ), Communication Yearbook 3, 435-453. In S. W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Eds. Communication and Cross-Cultural Adaptation: An Integrative Theory. This view takes into account micro-psychological and macro-social factors into a theoretical fusion or "vertical integration." Kim, Y.Y. Contents 1 The… … Wikipedia, Theory of planned behavior — In psychology, the theory of planned behavior is a theory about the link between attitudes and behavior. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, Vol. In Wikipedia [Web] . Prof. Kim has published 12 books and over 80 book chapters andrefereed articles in journals. Retrieved May 2, 2008, from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm. Kim, Young Yun. Reflecting multidisciplinary and multisocietal approaches, this collection presents 14 theoretical or research-based essays dealing with cross-cultural adaptation of individuals who are born and raised in one culture and find themselves in need of modifying their customary life patterns in a foreign culture. In her integrative theory of cross-cultural adaptation, Kim (1988, 2001, 2006, 2009b, 2012, 2015b) provides a model of intercultural identity development, emphasizing the adaptive and dynamic nature of identity. As the individual acquires some of the characteristics of the host culture, he or she may lose some of the characteristics … The theory has gone through multiple iterations since that time, and has been updated most recently in 2005.1 In essence … Wikipedia, Systems theory — is an interdisciplinary field of science and the study of the nature of complex systems in nature, society, and science. Prof. Kim is a Fellow of the International Communication Association and the International Academy for Intercultural Research. This is the process known as acculturation as described by Shibutani and Kwan in 1965. Closely associated with the increased functional fitness is a higher level of psychological health reflected in a heightened sense of well-being and satisfaction in one's life vis-a-vis the environment. ), Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercultural_communication_principles, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acculturation, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enculturation. Participation in the interpersonal and mass communication activities of the host society is crucial. Toward an interactive theory of communication-acculturation. 554-577. Kim states that there are five key "missing links" in cross-cultural adaptation literature, which her theory attempts to cover: # Lack of attention to macro-level factors, such as the cultural and institutional patterns of the host environment# Need to integrate the traditionally separate areas of investigation of long-term and short-term adaptation# Cross cultural adaptation must be viewed in the context of new learning and psychological growth to provide a more balanced and complete interpretation of the experiences of individuals in an unfamiliar environment# Efforts must be made to sort and consolidate the factors constituting and/or explaining the cross-cultural adaptation process of individuals# Divergent ideological premises of assimilationalism and pluralism need to be recognized and incorporated into a pragmatic conception of cross-cultural adaptation as a condition of the host environment as well as of the individual adapting to that environment. 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