This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central goverment. To learn more, visit our Earning Credit Page Devolution, the transfer of power from a central government to subnational (e.g., state, regional, or local) authorities.Devolution usually occurs through conventional statutes rather than through a change in a countryâs constitution; thus, unitary systems of government that have devolved powers in this manner are still considered unitary rather than federal systems, because the powers of the subnational authorities ⦠Despite subsidies, the development gap is growing. âOur stand is that it would lead to separatism,â he said. Factors that can lead to the devolution of states include the division of groups by physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism. Define factors that lead to the devolution of states. Another ethnic minority seeking more autonomy are the Tamils in Sri Lanka. The majority of state ⦠Sub-national terrorism coincides with the rise of the nation-state and can be devolutionary. Devolution is the transfer of certain powers from one entity to another. Example of ethnic separatism. a. Will that lead to separatism in the future? They are a Hindu minority who fight for independence from the Sinhalese, a Buddhist majority. These organizations range from stateless terrorist groups to cultural minorities within the state, to other countries seeking to expand their political-territorial aims. The breaking up of mutually warring fractions. Ethnic Cleansing- the forced removal of a minority ethnic group from a territory Terrorism- organized violence aimed at the government and civilian targets, intended to create fear in the furtherance of ⦠Its economic success is broad-based. In the worst cases, conflicts can arise which lead to a major democratic breakdown and descent into violent conflict. Other physical features that can lead to devolution include deserts and large bodies of water. Centrifugal. The response earned full credit and demonstrates a full understanding of devolution and devolutionary processes. A nation is a group of unified people with a common culture. The Spanish government has tried to placate these groups by giving them more freedoms and ⦠Accept one of the following: ⢠Ethnic differences, ethnocentrism, or ethnic separatism can be the source of conflict between culture groups, or between one ethnic group and a government. ... Separatism is the pursuit of a fairly small minority. Centre-state relations, whether based on ethnicity or otherwise, have not been peaceful or tension-free, but the competition has tended to focus on securing resources and greater power. Territories and boundaries are important ways of delineating space and have been the cause of conflict over the years. The government gives indigenous people the control of their affairs. Attention: This post was written a few years ago and may not reflect the latest changes in the AP® program. define factors that lead to the devolution of states (physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism) devolution occurs when states fragment into autonomous regions (Spain, Belgium, Canada, Nigeria) or when states disintegrate (Ethiopia, South Sudan, East Timor, former Soviet republics) explain how political, economic, cultural ⦠1. Other physical features that can lead to devolution include deserts and large bodies of water. Hey! Terrorism ⦠This does, however, lead to one of the greatest arguments for further devolution, as England does not have a similar structure and there is no opportunity for any self-rule. For over five years, hundreds of thousands of students have used Albert to build confidence and score better on their SAT®, ACT®, AP, and Common Core tests. The Basques and Catalans, who trace their nationalist histories back centuries, are the two foremost and empowered ethnic groups attempting to wrest power away from the central government in Madrid. Those challenges are rooted in history and countries (also called states) must deal with the boundaries left to them by past generations. Ethnic Separatism. While the two share many common traits, they also diverge in certain aspects and platforms of their movements. -lead to cultures much different from rest of country-create barriers to diffusion of culture ... (Non-Example of Physical Geography) Compact and flat, low elevation make devolution less likely, and a unitary state more likely. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy. ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE: Factors that can lead to the devolution of states include the division of groups by physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism. Forces that unite a country, pulling it together. It may also create rigidity and slow down decision making- process. READ MORE: Boris Johnson slammed for claim devolution is 'disaster north of Border' Despite it being literally what the Prime Minister had said, he told Sky News: "That is not what the Prime Minister was saying.â He added: "The Prime Minister has always supported devolution but he is at heart a unionist and he is very troubled by the rise of nationalism and separatism. The response earned 1 point in part B for describing how cultural diversity in a country can ⦠The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state or breakup of a large state (balkanization) into several independent ones is known as devolution. Centrifugal forces alter and weaken a state by disrupting the internal order of the country. Breakup of a state (balkanization), Breakup of a state, e.g., Yugoslavia/Balkans, former U.S.S.R., Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia/Eritrea, Austria-Hungary, British India. Learning Objectives Some forces that may lead to devolution of states include: ⢠physical geography, ⢠ethnic separatism, ⢠terrorism, ⢠economic and social problems, ⢠and irredentism. Tamil Nadu had its own separatist struggle before 1962. A classic example of devolution is a group demanding more autonomy from the central government. The response earned 1 point in part A for defining devolution as the breaking apar t or division of a state. Ethnic Separatism-ethnic groups are separated and distinct from each other like ethnic groups and minorities lead ethnic movements within regions and are given authority so the countries stay united. When people give their primary allegiance to traditional groups or nations that are smaller than the population of the entire state. In the context of human geography, please note that term terms state and country are synonymous and are used interchangeably. Defining Devolutionary Factors Factors that can lead to the devolution of states include the division of groups by a physical geography, ethic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems and irredentism. Creates a huge variation of local group identities - makes a unitary state impossible. Since there are many departments created through devolution, coming to a beneficial decision takes longer as it should be. Learn how your comment data is processed. Terrorism. Barriers such as mountains or water bodies can lead to devolution, such as the basques in Spain separated by mountains or Hawaii separated by the Pacific Ocean. Before we look at forces that can divide or unite a country, letâs review the concepts of political geography and the state. Ethnic Separatism-ethnic groups are separated and distinct from each other like ethnic groups and minorities lead ethnic movements within regions and are given authority so the countries stay united. Those actors can and do affect nation’s sovereignty and have been dealt with in many ways, from conciliatory to harshly. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Devolution and federalism are modes of decentralization. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 percent of a particular culture. Ethnic separatism. In Spain, the Basques & Catalans are two such groups that have a unique culture/language and desire to be independent from Spain. Factors that can lead to the devolution of states include the division of groups by physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism. Sovereignty is the internationally recognized exercise of a country’s power over its people and territory. Each country has defined borders, which have set boundaries. Its economic success is broad-based. In countries that are industrialized in some areas and other areas remain poor and agrarian. SUGGESTED SKILL: Data Analysis: Explain what maps or data imply or illustrate about geographic principles, processes, and ⦠During the late 1960s the movement was motivated primarily by the belief, shared by many Quebec intellectuals and labour ⦠In Brazil, wealthier provinces of the south argue that tax money is being misspent by the government for assistance to the Amazon Forest region. Influences on devolution: Terrorism Sub-national terrorism coincides with the rise of the nation-state and can be devolutionary. They assume that secession can be achieved by peaceful means but that it requires an intentional act or acts of political and legal withdrawal of a territory from an existing state, a territory which is not, in the United Nations (UN) jargon, classiï¬ed as non-self-governing territory, that is, as a colony. More power to regions (petitioning for /formation of new legislatures, local control over policy, Local ethno-nationalism (linguistic/religious revival), Political instability (civil war, fighting, hostility, ethnic cleansing, conflict), Economic instability (economy declining, with supporting explanation). Impacts the degree a state is unified or fragmented. This discussion on states and boundaries leads us into the main topic of this AP® Human Geography study guide, devolution. Two justificationsâethnic separatism and religious rhetoricâare given. Development has done little or nothing to take away separatism. You can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. Separatism caused by centrifugal force sometimes leads to devolution as the central government ends up giving the separatist group some of its demands to keep the peace. Currently Britain has a patchwork of devolved powers, with devolved nations having greater control over local issues. Causes of ethnic conflict in Nigeria are many but we will focus on primary ones that government should deal with to stop the menace at once. You will need to know the forces that may lead to the devolution of states including physical geography, ethnic separatism⦠Countries with remote frontiers, isolated villages, rugged topography, or islands seek to be separate from their country’s central government. One force at play in devolutionary movements is ethno-cultural in nature. Japan and Lesotho are good examples of nation-states. In Italy, the richer north pushed for autonomy from the poorer south. Before we can discuss devolution, we need to understand the concepts of political geography, which involves states, territories, and boundaries, which are all interrelated and vital to the study of AP® Human Geography. 4.9 Challenges to Sovereignty Know how political, economic, cultural, and technological changes challenge state sovereignty Devolution occurs when states fragment into separate autonomous regions Examples of ⦠In Spain, the Basques & Catalans are two such groups that have a unique culture/language and desire to be independent from Spain. The United Kingdom, however, is quite a different country - which includes a significant separatist movement in Scotland. Ethnic Separatism Effecting Devolution. ⢠Define factors that lead to the devolution of states. Ethnic separatism. We’ll give you challenging practice questions to help you achieve mastery in AP® Human Geography. ... into several independent ones is known as devolution. Europeans used military force, cultural domination, and formal control from the “mother country” to monitor their territories. A. (a) Would electing UPFA candidate as president lead to extensive devolution on ethnic lines? If these centrifugal forces reach a critical stage, it can lead to Balkanization, which is the process where a state breaks down through struggles among ethnic groups. Immigration causes cultural change. There are still growing pains in the region, but ethnic groups have much more autonomy today than they did under the former Soviet Union. For the Free Response section of the AP® Human Geography exam, we have included an example from the 2005 AP® Human Geography Exam. ⢠Political, Economic, cultural, or technological changes can challenge state sovereignty ⢠Factors leading to devolution of states âphysical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic & social problems, irredentism ⢠Devolution occurs when states fragment into autonomous regions, subnational territorial units, While some critics [who?] Devolution Programs. A federal state gives local political units like states or provinces within that country a measure of power. This question is concerned with the political geography concepts of supra-nationalism and devolution. 4.9 Challenges to Sovereignty Know how political, economic, cultural, and technological changes challenge state ⦠Economic forces can cause devolution as well. Minority ethnic groups of the EU are demanding for people to recognize them politically. Are you a teacher or administrator interested in boosting AP® Human Geography student outcomes? Essential Knowledge ⢠Factors that can lead to the devolution of states include the division of groups by physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism Define the terms and give an example for each: Irredentism, redlining, terrorism, separatism, ethnic cleansing. Ethnic separatism occurs when minority groups fight for independence. However, unlike other countries such as Canada, this is a combined self- and shared- rule, with central government still able to legislate in the devolved areas (in prac⦠The 1996 welfare reforms were created as a part of the devolution revolution. Know the factors that lead to devolution Factors can include: Physical geography, ethnic separatism, ethnic cleansing, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism. To appease the ethnic groups, then Soviet President Gorbachev, loosened the Soviet grip on Eastern Europe, and at home, he introduced policies of restructuring and openness. More importantly to you as a citizen of planet Earth, understanding political geography helps you to make sense of the news headlines reporting conflicts and territorial disputes on a daily basis. Students were being asked to show their knowledge of human geography across multiple units of the course by utilizing a scale -of-analysis ⦠Richer areas of the country can also feel put upon by having to provide subsidies to poorer ones. In 1997, the British Labour Party gave both the Scots and Welsh a chance to vote on political autonomy, and both voted to have their own parliaments. The electorate now can elect governors in their own county. That is the case of the Scots in Great Britain. Subnational political-territorial units: Subnationalism. 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