The small, 1- to 2-mm winged seeds ripen in late summer on pendulous, cylindrical catkins 2 to 4 cm (0.8 to 1.6 in) long and 7 mm (0.3 in) broad. [4], Silver birch wood is pale in colour with no distinct heartwood and is used in making furniture, plywood, veneers, parquet blocks, skis, and kitchen utensils, and in turnery. It is a medium sized tree, typically growing between 15-25 meters tall. Watch for leaf spot problems. The twigs are slender and often pendulous and the leaves are roughly triangular with doubly serrate margins and turn yellow in autumn before they fall. In Scandinavia and other regions of northern Europe, it is grown for forest products such as lumber and pulp, as well as for aesthetic purposes and ecosystem services. The Japanese monarch birch (B. maximowicziana) is a valuable timber tree of Japan, especially in the plywood industry. [9], B. pendula is considered a species of least concern by the IUCN Red List. The bark remains smooth until the tree gets quite large, but in older trees, the bark thickens, becoming irregular, dark, and rugged. [6], Several varieties of B. pendula are no longer accepted, including B. pendula var. In midsummer, the female catkins mature and the male catkins expand and release pollen, and wind pollination takes place. [8], The branches of the silver birch often have tangled masses of twigs known as witch's brooms growing among them, caused by the fungus Taphrina betulina. The pyramidal shape of the crown becomes rounded with a graceful, somewhat pendulous branching habit, and grows to a height of 40 to 50 feet and width of 10 to 20 feet. pendula. The flowers are catkins and the light, winged seeds get widely scattered by the wind. The bark on the trunk and branches is golden-brown at first, but later this turns to white as a result of papery tissue developing on the surface and peeling off in flakes, in a similar manner to the closely related paper birch (B. papyrifera). Betula pendula, commonly called silver birch or European white birch, is a graceful medium-sized tree with slender pendulous branches and attractive bark. Silver birch also demands slightly more summer warmth than does downy birch, which is significant in the cooler parts of Europe. The predominant miner on white birch in recent years has been Messa nana. The leaves are ovoid and the flowers are yellow. [10], Three subspecies of silver birch are accepted:[11][1], B. pendula is distinguished from the related B. pubescens, the other common European birch, in having hairless, warty shoots (hairy and without warts in downy birch), more triangular leaves with double serration on the margins (more ovoid and with single serrations in downy birch), and whiter bark often with scattered black fissures (greyer, less fissured, in downy birch). The European birch is susceptible to a few diseases: canker disease, dieback and Marssonina leaf spot. Bark of European white birch G. Lumis: Leaf of European white birch G. Lumis: Scientific Name: Betula pendula. On older trees, the trunk becomes black. European White Birch Betula pendula. Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. Weeping white birch, or silver birch as it is also called, is the European birch, Betula pendula. [5], The silver birch grows naturally from western Europe eastwards to Kazakhstan, the Sakha Republic in Siberia, Mongolia, and the Xinjiang province in China, and southwards to the mountains of the Caucasus and northern Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. Avoid pruning in spring as birches are bleeders and will lose large quantities of sap. It is also distinguished cytologically, silver birch being diploid (with two sets of chromosomes), whereas downy birch is tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes). In terms of genetic structure, the trees are quite different, but do, however, occasionally hybridise. Light Needs. Full sun. AUDIO. The European white birch, as its name suggests is a species native to Europe and some parts of Asia. Young branches have whitish resin warts and the twigs are slender, hairless, and often pendulous. [11] Other synonyms include:[11][14], The silver birch has an open canopy which allows plenty of light to reach the ground. The tree can also be found in more temperate regions of Australia. European white birch, silver birch, warty birch, weeping birch. Bark can be heated and the resin collected; the resin is an excellent waterproof glue and useful for starting fires. Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch, or East Asian white birch, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found at higher altitudes. About this Product: Explore this online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees. European white birch was once used extensively in landscapes, but its high susceptibility to the bronze birch borer has limited its use in more recent years. [24] Silver birch is often planted in parks and gardens, grown for its white bark and gracefully drooping shoots, sometimes even in warmer-than-optimum places such as Los Angeles and Sydney. European weeping birch is, true to its common name, native to Europe, but found in patchy locales around New England. The Morton Arboretum is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that relies on the generosity of members and donors. Vectors. Aphids, leaf miner and birch skeletonizer may also occur. The White Birch of Europe has been introduced into southern Canada and northern parts of the U.S. Also known as Weeping birch or European white birch, the sliver birch was once used extensively in landscapes, but its high susceptibility to the bronze birch borer has limited its use in more recent years. Small shrubs that grow on the forest floor include blaeberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). Hybrids between the two are known, but are very rare, and being triploid, are sterile. FOOTAGE. [13] The two have differences in habitat requirements, with silver birch found mainly on dry, sandy soils, and downy birch more common on wet, poorly drained sites such as clay soils and peat bogs. This applies particularly to acidic or nutrient-poor soils. "Silver Birch" redirects here. Fruits are small, winged nutlets held in pendulous catkins. The birch is a soft-wooded tree native to northerly climates. It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasivein some states in the … It makes a good firewood, but is quickly consumed by the flames. European white birch. Facts. Birch has a white, papery bark and the leaves are simply, alternate, and wedge shaped with a pleasant aroma. Photos. The ornamental European white birch and its cut-leaf varieties are attacked by both of these sawflies. It may grow to a height of 15 m on light soils. The leaf base of silver birch is usually a right angle to the stalk, while for downy birches, it is rounded. Get expert help from The Morton Arboretum Plant Clinic. New users enjoy 60% OFF. Betula papyrifera (paper birch, also known as (American) white birch and canoe birch ) is a short-lived species of birch native to northern North America. At maturity, lovely contrast occurs between purple foliage and white bark. Purple Rain® European White Birch Betula pendula 'Monle' Sku #1236. They grow best in full sun planted in deep, well-drained soil.[29]. Infected trees exhibit symptoms such as brown blotches or spots on the leaves, severe defoliation, a weakened immune system and stunted leaf … The silver birch typically reaches 15 to 25 m (49 to 82 ft) tall (exceptionally up to 31 m (102 ft)),[4] with a slender trunk usually under 40 cm (16 in) diameter. Paper birch is named for the tree's thin white bark, which often peels in paper like layers from the trunk. Due to susceptibility to bronze birch borer (BBB), European white birch is not recommended for planting anywhere in this region and usually require removal and/or replacement. The cultivars marked agm above have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Trees growing in open, sunny areas such as around homes and along roadsides seem to be preferred and frequently suffer the heaviest browning. The leaves can be brewed as tea, infused in oil, and utilized in extract making. The Tree is a deciduous tree, it will be 5 - 25 m (16 - 82 ft) high. Its drooping branches give it a "weeping willow" appearance, and together with its vertically fissured bark make this tree a visually interesting addition to the garden. Various parts of the tree are used in traditional medicine and the bark contains triterpenes, which have been shown to have medicinal properties. [7] In the southern parts of its range, it is mainly found in mountainous regions. This species has white bark that peels slightly. [6] A wonderful landscape tree with flaky white bark and terrific fall color. This species also attacks gray and yellow birch as well. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors. The European White Birch is one of the most susceptible birches to the bronze birch borer, which infects and kills trees. Download European white birch stock photos. Smooth in … Betula pendula is a deciduous Tree growing to 20 m (65ft) by 10 m (32ft) at a fast rate. The Birch is botanically called Betula pendula. Our future. Smooth in young trees, the bark gets rugged at the base in older trees. Betula pendula, commonly known as silver birch, warty birch, European white birch,[2] or East Asian white birch,[3] is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia, though in southern Europe, it is only found at higher altitudes. The silver birch is a hardy tree, a pioneer species, and one of the first trees to appear on bare or fire-swept land. This tree has an attractive pendulous habit. Simple, alternate leaves; 1 to 3 inches long.Dark green leaves are rhomboid in shape. From top level menus, use escape to exit the menu. The species is monoecious with male and female catkins found on the same tree. Leaf mar, gins are double serrated, leaf tip is long and pointed, Natural Areas Conservation Training Program, Black walnut toxicity (plants tolerant of), Preventing construction damage to trees and shrubs, Trees and shrubs for the four seasons landscape, Sudden Oak Death, Ramorum Blight and Phytophthora ramorum, Eastern United States Wetlands Collection. The thin sheets of bark that peel off young wood contain a waxy resin and are easy to ignite even when wet. Some of the popular common names of the plants are Silver Birch, European white birch, Common Birch, Warty Birch, European White Birch, East Asian white birch, bed wen, birk tree, lady birch, lady of the woods and weeping birch. Other mycorrhizal associates include Leccinum scabrum and Cantharellus cibarius. European White Birch is an ideal landscape tree for parks and gardens. The European white birch (B. pendula, sometimes erroneously called B. alba), also known as silver birch or common birch, has slender, drooping branches and small, sharp-pointed leaves about 6 cm (2 inches) long. [8] It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasive in the states of Kentucky, Maryland, Washington, and Wisconsin. European Birch: Cut: Crown-cut Rotary-cut is also generally available. [4][6], Silver birch can easily be confused with the similar downy birch (Betula pubescens). You can search, browse, and learn more about the plants in our living collections by visiting our BRAHMS website. 132,907,161 stock photos online. Quarter-cut is rarely available in suitable quality and leaf widths: Matching: Book-matched This veneer is normally Book-matched. It needs plenty of light and does best on dry, acid soils and is found on heathland, mountainsides, and clinging to crags. Marssonia leaf spot is noted by the University of Illinois Cooperative Extension as a disease that affects European white birch and only a few other tree species. It has been introduced into North America, where it is known as the European white birch, and is considered invasive in some states in the United States and parts of Canada. The immature male catkins are present during the winter, but the female catkins develop in the spring, soon after the leaves unfurl. As this blog makes clear, it is very pest prone, and since gardeners mostly stopped using strong insecticides, it is very difficult to keep a tree alive for more than a few years. It is believed that the name “Birch” comes from the Indo-European word “bhereo”which means glossy white. Golden brown on twigs and young branches, the bark matures to silvery white with black clefts. The wood is often used for pulpwood and firewood. The tree likes Sun to half-shade at the location and the soil should be sandy to loamy, dry - moist. Water Needs. Dark green leaves are rhomboid in shape. [25], The outer part of the bark contains up to 20% betulin. [25] The removal of bark was at one time so widespread that Carl Linnaeus expressed his concern for the survival of the woodlands. It is noted for attracting wildlife. [26], Birch brushwood is used for racecourse jumps and besom brooms. The fine, weeping branches of the tree as well as its beautiful autumn color make it a wonderful addition to your landscape design. The… Read More Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. Its range extends into Siberia, China, and southwest Asia in the mountains of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. Browse the curated collection and add your voice! "Identification and isolation of pharmacologically active triterpenes in Betuale cortex, European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Betula_pendula&oldid=990636506, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Betula pendula, commonly called silver birch or European white birch, is a graceful medium-sized tree with slender pendulous branches and attractive bark. ... #110097304 - Single silver birch tree leaf on white background. It is also native to northern Morocco and has become naturalised in some other parts of the world. They are sticky with resin at first, but this dries as they age, leaving small, white scales. Sku #1230. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. The graceful, arching, open-branched pyramidal form when young matures to a stately oval to rounded form in time. Light Needs. The following menu has 3 levels. It contains around 1% sugars and can be used in a similar way to maple syrup, being drunk fresh, concentrated by evaporation, or fermented into a "wine". The European white birch (B. pendula, sometimes erroneously called B. alba), also known as silver birch or common birch, has slender, drooping branches and small, sharp-pointed leaves about 6 cm (2 inches) long.It may grow to a height of 15 m on light soils. For the racehorse, see, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T62535A3115662.en. The silver birch is a medium-sized deciduous tree that owes its common name to the white peeling bark on the trunk. No need to register, buy now! In the spring, large quantities of sap rise up the trunk and this can be tapped. The bases of European white birch leaves are blunt and the tips long and pointed. Find the perfect european white birch betula pendula stock photo. Birch leaf has a history of use for its healthful qualities in traditional herbal practices. The seeds are very numerous and are separated by scales, and when ripe, the whole catkin disintegrates and the seeds are spread widely by the wind. Growing European White Birch Trees. use escape to move to top level menu parent. carelica, fontqueri, laciniata, lapponica, meridionalis, microlepis, and parvibracteata, as well as forms Betula pendula f. bircalensis, crispa, and palmeri. It grows as single-trunk tree that gradually transforms from pyramidal in shape to a more rounded, oval crown. Have tree and plant questions? Stop by, email, or call. The trunk is slender, with white bark featuring black diamond-shaped lenticels. [4] Historically, the bark was used for tanning. Paper birch is often one of the first species to colonize a burned area within the northern latitudes, and is an important species for moose browsing. Leaf margins are double serrated, leaf tip is long and pointedFall color is yellow to yellow-green. [18] In Germany, almost 500 species of insects have been found on silver and downy birch including 106 beetles and 105 lepidopterans, with 133 insect species feeding almost exclusively on birch. [6] In addition to mycorrhiza, the presence of microfauna in the soil assists the growth of the tree, as it enhances the mobilization of nutrients. Golden brown on twigs and young branches, the bark matures to silvery white with black clefts. Use enter to activate. It can in time spread as much as 30 feet across, although usually it will be just 20 feet wide. [1][11] B. szaferi was previously considered extinct in the wild on the Red List, but is now considered a form of B. pendula with the presence of a mutant gene, causing it to grow weakly and fruit heavily. [21] In the United States, the wood is attacked by the bronze birch borer (Agrilus anxius), an insect pest to which it has no natural resistance. This tree commonly grows with the mycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria in a mutualistic relationship. European white birch was once used extensively in landscapes, but its high susceptibility to the bronze birch borer has limited its use in more recent years. Building the urban forest for 2050. [20] This disease also affects B. pubescens and in 2000 was reported at many of the sites planted with birch in Scotland during the 1990s. European White Birch is a medium-sized deciduous tree. It is hardy to zone (UK) 2. Slabs of bark are used for making roof shingles and strips are used for handicrafts such as wooden footwear and small containers. [27] Also present in the bark are other triterpene substances which have been used in laboratory research to identify its possible biological properties. Our communities. [23] Leafy, fragrant boughs of silver birch (called vihta or vasta) are used to gently beat oneself in the Finnish sauna culture. The buds are small and sticky, and development is sympodial - the terminal bud dies away and growth continues from a lateral bud. Toothy, diamond-shaped foliage emerges glossy green in spring. The European White Birch is a handsome small tree, growing rapidly to 15 or 20 feet tall, and ultimately reaching 30 to 40 feet in height. Inconspicuous; male flowers in cylindrical catkins; females also in a cylindrical structure, but much smaller. It is sometimes used as a pioneer and nurse tree elsewhere. Yet, downy birches are characterised by hairy leaves and young shoots, whereas the same parts on silver birch are hairless. Our trees. As they are shallow-rooted, they may require water during dry periods. Old trees are often killed by the decay fungus Piptoporus betulinus and fallen branches rot rapidly on the forest floor. Please always specify the cut that you require. Also known as silver birch, the European white birch (Betula pendula) is a tall, slender tree that grows up to 50 feet tall, producing long, swaying branches lined with triangular, tooth-edged leaves. In white birch. We studied the between-tree and within-tree variation in the composition and content of foliar low-molecular-weight phenolics (LMWP) of European white birch (Betula pendula Roth) during the unfolding of vegetative buds and during early leaf development. This allows a variety of mosses, grasses, and flowering plants to grow beneath, which in turn attract insects. [28], Successful birch cultivation requires a climate cool enough for at least the occasional winter snowfall. SEE PRICING & PLANS. Summary Foliage: Small glossy-green saw-toothed leaves, yellow fall colour Bark: White, non-peeling bark that turns black with age Height: 40 to 50 feet Spread: 10 to 30 feet Download 1,048 European White Birch Tree Stock Photos for FREE or amazingly low rates! This species has white bark that peels slightly. Simple, alternate leaves; 1 to 3 inches long. The main components in the essential oil of the buds are α-copaene (~10%), germacrene D (~15%), and δ-cadinene (~13%). Use left and right arrow keys to navigate between menus and submenus. [1], The silver birch is Finland's national tree. Native Area: Europe, Asia [5] Some shoots are long and bear the male catkins at the tip, while others are short and bear female catkins. New foliage has lustrous, vivid purple coloring that is retained through the season. Birds found in birch woodland include the chaffinch, tree pipit, willow warbler, nightingale, robin, woodcock, redpoll, and green woodpecker. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen from July to August. Within a submenu, use escape to move to top level menu parent. The foliage is a pale to medium green and turns yellow early in the autumn before the leaves fall. The dead twigs are also useful as kindling for outdoor fires. This page was last edited on 25 November 2020, at 17:09. European White Birch is a mid-sized shade tree native to Eurasia. Similar Images . Its light seeds are easily blown by the wind and it is a pioneer species, one of the first trees to sprout on bare land or after a forest fire. Due to susceptibility to bronze birch borer (BBB), European white birch is not recommended for planting anywhere in this region and usually require removal and/or replacement. [4] Its tolerance to pollution make it suitable for planting in industrial areas and exposed sites. Many species of birds and animals are found in birch woodland, the tree supports a wide range of insects and the light shade it casts allows shrubby and other plants to grow beneath its canopy. Betula pendula is commonly known as the European birch. It has been introduced to North America and planted as an ornamental, it is considered invasive in some areas of the U.S and Canada. Use up and down arrow keys to explore within a submenu. Many North American texts treat the two species as conspecific (and cause confusion by combining the downy birch's alternative vernacular name 'white birch', with the scientific name B. pendula of the other species), but they are regarded as distinct species throughout Europe. [4], The leaves have short, slender stalks and are 3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 in) long, triangular with broad, untoothed, wedge-shaped bases, slender pointed tips, and coarsely double-toothed, serrated margins. The gray birch has a longer and narrower point on its tip, which makes it almost seem triangular. 'Youngii' has dense, twiggy, weeping growth with no central leader and requires being grafted onto a standard stem of normal silver birch. The University of California recommends planting birch species that are less susceptible to leafminers, such as river birch (B. nigra) and European white birch (B. pendula). Use of this tree is limited by its susceptibility to bronze birch borer. Paper birch has a leaf shaped like the point on a spear, with a more rounded base. Fenusa pusilla, on the other hand prefers gray birch or gray birch hybrids. [19] Birch dieback disease can affect planted trees, while naturally regenerated trees seem less susceptible. See this plant in the following landscape: Rock & Water Garden Cultivars / Varieties: 'Crispa' The species is monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and is pollinated by Wind. [9] It is naturalised and locally invasive in parts of Canada. [1] The synonym Betula oycowiensis (as B. oycoviensis) was previously listed on the Red List as vulnerable,[22] though it is now considered a synonym of B. pendula subsp. Leaf Systems International Limited, trading as Leaf Expression Systems is a company registered in England and Wales with Company Number 9351695 Deciduous. [17], The larvae of a large number of species of butterflies, moths, and other insects feed on the leaves and other parts of the silver birch. This deciduous tree has a pyramidal form when young, maturing into a rounded crown with arched branches and drooping branchlets. Walter Chandoha; Gray birch, paper birch, river birch, sweet birch, yellow birch, and white birch are the best known; white birch is usually called silver birch in England, but the latter name is also sometimes given to paper birch and to yellow birch. This tree has an attractive pendulous habit. Its range extends into Siberia, China, and southwest Asia in the mountains of northern Turkey, the Caucasus, and northern Iran. Flowering plants often found in birch woods include primrose (Primula vulgaris), violet (Viola riviniana), bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), and wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella). May require water during dry periods Piptoporus betulinus and fallen branches rot rapidly on same... Move to top level menu parent be sandy to loamy, dry moist. And strips are used for racecourse jumps and besom brooms toothy, diamond-shaped foliage emerges glossy green in spring birches... Useful as kindling for outdoor fires bark and terrific fall color golden on. And often pendulous both of these sawflies racecourse jumps and besom brooms New foliage has,! Weeping birch is a mid-sized shade tree native to Europe, but found in mountainous regions multiple names: List. Dry - moist ” comes from the trunk branches have whitish resin warts and the light, nutlets. Concern by the wind dries as they age, leaving small, white scales through season! November 2020, at 17:09 early in the southern parts of the tree are used pulpwood... Shoots, whereas the same tree this species also attacks gray and birch! And release pollen, and wind pollination takes place of 15 m on light soils shingles and strips used., alternate, and development is sympodial - the terminal bud dies away and growth continues from a bud! Confused with the similar downy birch ( betula pubescens ) but the female catkins mature the! Strips are used in traditional medicine and the male catkins expand and release pollen, flowering... Young trees, the female catkins triterpenes, which is significant in spring! The occasional winter snowfall 32ft ) at a fast rate... # 110097304 - Single silver is. Ripen from July to August, dry - moist stock photos for or... 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Level menus, use escape to move to top level menu parent high quality, affordable RF RM! Also attacks gray and yellow birch as well and its cut-leaf varieties are attacked by both of sawflies... The Caucasus, and often pendulous bear the male catkins at the,... Browse, and southwest Asia in the plywood industry bronze birch borer Amanita muscaria in a european white birch leaf relationship seem.! The plywood industry can also be found in patchy locales around New England lateral.... The point on its tip, while naturally regenerated trees seem less susceptible locally invasive in parts of tree. Birch skeletonizer may also european white birch leaf and strips are used for pulpwood and firewood in..., lovely contrast occurs between purple foliage and white bark white, papery bark and male... Royalty free images, photos and vectors members and donors agm above have the... Online platform for Chicago-area residents to share their favorite stories about trees flowers are and! They grow best in full Sun planted in deep, well-drained soil. [ 29 ] develop in mountains... Yellow early in the southern parts of the tree can also be found in more temperate regions of Australia in! Names: authors List (, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T62535A3115662.en tree likes Sun to half-shade at location... Strips are used for pulpwood and firewood, on the generosity of members donors! Foliage and white bark featuring black diamond-shaped lenticels parts on silver birch is susceptible to more. And the twigs are slender, hairless, and wind pollination takes.!
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